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«Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности» в Нижнем Новгороде

The Economy of Great Britain The United Kingdom has a developed mixed private- and public-enterprise economy and ranks among the top industrial countries in growth rates, productivity, and competitiveness. The gross national product (GNP) is growing faster than the population. The GNP per capita is among that of most other European countries. The state sector was reduced during the 1980s and 1990s owing to policies of privatization, or denationalization, of publicly owned corporations. There was also an improvement in the standard of living. Unemployment and inflation rates were gradually reduced but remained high. Nowadays, government policies include the close monitoring and frequent adjustment of interest rates; a gradual reduction in the level of direct personal taxation; a reduction in the levels of power and influence of national trade unions in national labour negotiations; the encouragement of wider home ownership and of individuals’ share holdings in companies. Considerable emphasis is placed on increased exposure of the economy to market forces. The government controls the production of coal, steel, and ships, it also runs certain utilities, the railways, and most civil aviation. Manufacturing industries account for one-fifth of the GNP. Small companies predominate, though companies with 500 or more employees employ a larger percentage of the work force. Major manufactures include motor vehicles, aerospace equipment, electronic dataprocessing and telecommunication equipment, metal goods, precision instruments, petrochemicals, and other chemicals. High-technology industries are being developed. Agriculture accounts for less than 2 percent of the GNP and employs some 2 percent of the work force. Farming is highly mechanized, though farms are not extremely large, and is dominated by the raising of sheep and cattle. The United Kingdom is not agriculturally selfsufficient. Chief crops include barley, wheat, sugar beets, and potatoes